Kupu Whakataki: He aha i Pulse Jet ai Tātari Puke Ko te Tuarā o te Whakahaere Puehu Ahumahi
Te Hiahia e Tupu Ana mō te Whakahaere Puehu Whai Hua
Kāore tetahi e whakatakoto tahua mō te whakahaere puehu nā te mea he "ngahau". Ka whakatakoto tahua rātou mōna i muri i te kati, i te korenga o te whakamātautau puranga, i te pakaru o te puranga i te poke whakawhiti, i te wā rānei ka kite tetahi i te kohu e iri ana i raro i ngā tuanui, ā, ka mōhio kua kotahi tau rātou e manawa ana i taua mea.
Ā, ina peia e tō tukanga ngā matūriki pumau—te sima, te paraoa, te pungarehu, te paoa whakarewa, te pango waro—"he pai rawa" ka huri hei tinei ahi pumau.
Te Tūranga o ngā Hangarau Tātari Matatau
Anei te pono whakamā: he tino pai te mahi a te tātari papanga nā te paru. Ko te puehu e hangai ana ki runga i ngā putea te mea e hopu ana i ngā matūriki angiangi; ko te papanga te tūāpapa e pupuri ana i taua keke ki tōna tūranga. Nō te EPA tonu tēnā, ā, e rite ana ki ngā mea e akohia ana e ngā tohunga tipu katoa i te ara uaua.
Ngā Ahumahi e Whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā Pūnaha Pulse Jet
Kei ngā wāhi katoa e kitea ai te puehu nui ngā whare putea pulse jet: te sima, te maitai, ngā whare whakarewa, te whakahaere witi, te tahunga, te whakaputa hiko, ngā matū—ko ngā mea e kitea whānuitia ana ko te "paura i te rangi" he wāhanga nui o te whakaahuatanga mahi.
Te Whakatakoto i te Papaaho mō te Mārama ki te Mahi a te Pūnaha
Ki te mārama koe ki ngā mea e rua—te āhua o te tango puehu e te pā o te ihu me te kore e aukati i te rere o te hau, me te take e whakatau ai te kounga o te putea/whare pupuri i te pai o te horoinga pā o te ihu, i te pōrearea rānei—ka pai ake āu whakatau i te haurua o te hunga e whakatau ana i ngā whare putea mai i te ripanga tātai.
Te Mārama ki te Pūnaha Tātari Pēke Pūrere Pulse
He aha te Tātari Pēke Pūreretā?
Kua hangaia he whare putea pupuhi hei tātari tonu i a ia e horoi ana. Ka rere te hau paru i roto i ngā putea kakahu, ka hanga te puehu ki waho, ā, ka pakaru ngā putea e ngā pupuhi poto o te hau kōpeke kia taka te keke ki roto i te hopper—me te kore e kati te kaikohi. Ko te taipitopito "horoi i a ia e oma ana" te kaupapa katoa.
Āe, he rerekē i ngā hoahoa rūrū me te hau whakamuri. Tērā pea me aukati te rere (me wehe rānei ngā wāhanga) hei horoi; ko te horoinga o te pulse jet te tikanga ka mahia rarangi-i-te-rarangi i te mea kei te mahi tonu ngā toenga o ngā putea.
Nga Waahanga Matua me o raatau Mahi
Mā ngā Pēke Tātari e wehe te hau—ka puta te hau, kāore ngā mea totoka. Engari ko te āhua o te hanganga me te tukunga o te keke puehu e whakawhirinaki ana ki te mata o te pāpāho, te urunga o roto, me te āhua o tana whakahaere i te wera, te makuku, me te matū.
Kei roto i ngā pēke ngā Kere Tātari kia kore ai e hinga i te wā tātari, kia whai wāhi ai te pā o te pūwero ki te "pakaru". Mena he porowhita ō kēre, he kino te otinga, he kore rānei e ōrite ki te pēke, kei te orohia ō pēke mai i roto i ia manawa o te pūnaha. Ko ngā āhuatanga o te kēre Grey Whale (ngā whānuitanga o te diameter, te maha o ngā rara, te teitei o te mowhiti, ngā venturi whiriwhiri) e tohu ana i te maha o ngā taipitopito miihini iti e uru ana.
Mā ngā Takirere Pūwero me te Pūnaha Hau Kōpeke ka hangaia te mahi horoi. He pupuhi poto te pūwero ki roto i te paipa pupuhi/pūwero e anga ana ki te whakatuwheratanga o te putea—he maha ngā wā mā roto i te venturi hei whakauru i te hau tāpiri me te whakanui ake i te ngaru horoi ki raro i te putea. Ko te roa o te pūwero tata ki te ~100 ms e whakaahuahia ana i roto i ngā tuhinga ahumahi, ā, ko te mahi a te venturi (te whakauru hau) ehara i te hokohoko—he ahupūngao.
Ko te Pūnaha Hopper me te Tukunga te wāhi e mutu ai te puehu "i pai". Ki te whakahokia anō te puehu nā te mea kua piri te hopper, kua purua te takirere hurihuri, he tere rawa rānei ngā tere o te poka, ka taea e koe te horoi i te rā katoa me te āhua tonu me te mea kei te tātari koe i roto i te tōkena.
Te Mātāpono Horoi i te Mahi
Kia rite tātou ki te āhua o te hau me te puehu e pāngia ana e te hau:
- Ka tomo mai te hau puehu ki roto te kaikohi ka anga atu ki te mara putea.
- Ka rere te hau mā roto i ngā putea tātari i te mea ka kohikohi ngā matūriki hei keke (ā, ko taua keke te mea e tino teitei ai te hopunga pai).
- Ka pupuhi te pūmana i tētahi pātere—he pupuhi tere o te hau kōpeke ki roto i te rarangi kotahi (ki tētahi rōpū iti rānei) o ngā putea, i te mea ka tātarihia tonutia e ngā toenga.
- Ka piko/ka ru te putea, ka pakaru te puehu, ā, ka taka ngā mea totoka ki roto i te peihana hei tango.
He māmā noa iho i runga i te pepa. He pōrearea i te ao tūturu—nā te mea kei roto i ngā taipitopito te pōrearea: te pēhanga o te manawa, te nohoanga o te putea, te taunga o te venturi, te tika o te whare herehere, me te mea he puhoi, he piri, he hinuhinu, he maramara karāhe rānei tō puehu.
Te Huarahi Pai o te Mahi a ngā Tātari Pēke Pulse Jet
Te Whai Hua o te Tātari Tonu
He mea rongonui ngā kaikohi pūwero mō tētahi take hoha: kāore e hiahiatia kia mutu tā rātou mahi hei pupuri i te hekenga pēhanga. Ka horoia e te pūnaha ngā rarangi kua tohua i te wā e noho tonu ana ētahi atu putea, kia noho pumau ai te rere o te hau, kaua e huri i waenga i te "mahi pai" me te "kōkō".
He mea nui tēnei i ngā mahi taumaha-rahi e hono ana te hau ki te tukanga—ngā oumu, ngā mira, te kawe hau, ngā tukanga wera. Whakamutua te hau, ehara i te mea ka ngaro noa te tātari; ka raru hoki te mahi whakaputa.
Ngā Tawhā Whakahaere Matua
Ko te ōwehenga hau-ki-te-kakahu te taputapu tino māmā e whakahuatia ana e te katoa nā te mea he māmā noa iho: te nui o te hau e panaia ana mā roto, te nui o te horahanga o te papanga. Pēhia rawatia, ā, ka utua te hekenga pēhanga, te kaha o te hau, me te pakaru o te putea.
Ko te rerekētanga pēhanga (ΔP) te "rama tirotiro mīhini." Ka pupū ake te puehu, ka piki ake te ΔP, ā, me horoi i mua i te tino teitei o te ΔP. He maha ngā pūnaha e whakamahi ana i te taima, i te mana whakahaere ΔP, i ngā mea e rua rānei; e kī ana te EPA ka piki ake te hekenga pēhanga me te pupū ake o te puehu me te horoi i ia wā hei karo i te hekenga pēhanga nui rawa.
Tono Ahumahi
He mea noa ngā tātari putea pulse jet i roto i ngā wheketere sima, i ngā whare whakarewa, i te whakahaere witi, i te tukatuka whakarewa—arā, ngā wāhi kāore te puehu e whakararuraru, engari he awa rauemi e rere ana.
Ka mahi anō hoki i roto, i waho rānei, mena ka aro te hoahoa ki te pāmahana, te mōrearea o te haukū, me te waikura. Ki te hē koe i tēnā, ka kitea e koe te harikoa o te matapō, te piri o ngā keke, me te tere o te pakaru o te putea.
I hangaia mō ngā hiahia ahumahi: Ngā putea tātari kohi puehu ritenga a Grey Whale
Te Whakamātautau i te Tātari Hau Ahumahi: Te Mahi a ngā Tātari Pēke Pūrere Pulse me te Hiranga o te Kounga 3He aha te Kounga o te Pāpāho Tātari e Whakatau ana i te Whai Hua o te Pulse Jet
Ehara te horoi i te pupuhi o te pūwero i te mahi makutu. He mahi taumahatanga ā-mīhini e auau ana—kia maha tonu—nō reira me (1) tātari pai ō rauemi ki te keke pumau, (2) tukuna taua keke ina pupuhihia, ā, (3) ora i te wera, te matū, me te piko.
Ina hē te pāpāho, ka tere te kite:
- Te pikinga o te ΔP nā te mea kāore te keke e wetekina (kei te matapō rānei te papanga).
- Te whakamahinga teitei ake o te hau kōpeke nā te mea ka tīmata koe ki te huri i te kaha me te auau o te pātī hei utu. (Kia pai tō pire kōpeke.)
- Ngā hinganga wawe i ngā ringaringa, i ngā tuitui, i ngā wāhi pakaru rānei nā te mea ka kohia tonutia e te pūngao pātītī me te karawarawa ōna nama.
Me kī anō hoki: kaua e warewarehia te pāmahana me te hauhautanga. E kī ana te EPA ka taea e ngā pāmahana iti me ngā hau waikawa te whakapūmau me te waikura i ngā taputapu, ā, ka taea e te hauhautanga te whakapōuri i ngā putea. Ehara tēnā i te ariā; he momo mea ngaro "he aha i kino ai ngā mea katoa?" e puta ake ana ina huri ngā wā.
Ngā Otinga Tātari Mahi-Tiketike a Grey Whale
Kāore a Grey Whale e hoko ana i te "pēke kotahi hei whakahaere i a rātou katoa." E hoko ana rātou i ngā whānau pēke, nā te mea kāore i te pai te āhua o te hau.
Mena kei te mahi koe i te ratonga pāmahana teitei, tīmata ki te wāhi e ōrite ana ngā rauemi ki te mahi:
Te Whakamātautau i te Tātari Hau Ahumahi: Te Mahi a ngā Tātari Pēke Pūrere Pulse me te Hiranga o te Kounga 4Kāore ngā whare herehere i te whakaarohia i muri mai. Ko te horoinga o te manawa e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakahaere i te āhua o te putea, ā, he take kei te noho tonu te raina o te whare herehere a Grey Whale (te maha o ngā rara, te teitei o te mowhiti, te venturi whiriwhiri)—he rite tonu. Tīmata ki konei: Whare Tātari Kohikohi Puehu Ritenga.
Mena kei te hiahia koe ki tētahi tauira tuturu, ka whakarārangihia e Grey Whale ngā kōwhiringa hanga whare herehere kowiri tira (tae atu ki ngā momo kowiri tira me ngā whānuitanga rahinga): Whare Tātari Kohikohi Puehu Kowiri tira Ritenga.
Te Hononga Pakihi-ā-Iwi me te Tukunga Uara
He hoha ngā wheako pai rawa atu mō ngā kaiwhakarato. Kāore he raruraru. Kāore he "ohorere".
Koinei te āhua o te mahi tahi tūturu: ka kawea mai e koe tō matapihi pāmahana whakahaere, te momo puehu, te makuku, ngā hau waikawa katoa, te rōrahi hau, ngā rahinga/momo o runga o te putea o nāianei, ngā rahinga o te whare herehere, te awhe pēhanga pā, me tō aratau rahunga o nāianei ("ngā kōhao i te tihi i muri i te 3 marama," "ka piki te ΔP, kāore e heke iho," "he kanapa, he kanapa te āhua o ngā putea"). Ka whakautu rātou me ngā pāpāho, ka hanga taipitopito e rite ana ki te whakamahinga kino.
Mā te FAQ a Grey Whale e wehewehe ngā pae pāmahana hua ki ngā raupapa pāmahana noa, waenga, me te pāmahana teitei—he whakarāpopototanga whai hua tēnei ina tere ana koe ki te whakarōpū i ngā kōwhiringa.
Te Tiaki me te Whakatū i te Tātari Pēke Pūrere Pulse
Nga Mahi Tirotiro me nga Mahi Tiaki
Tīmata ki ngā mea e tino pakaru ana:
- Ngā takirere pātere/ngā solenoidKo ngā takirere mate he tikanga mō ngā rarangi mate, ā, ko ngā rarangi mate he tikanga mō ngā hoa noho kua taumaha rawa.
- Kounga hau kōpeke: ka huri te puehu hei paraoa i te rere o te wai me te hinu.
- Ia au o te ΔPKaua e titiro matatau ki tētahi tau—mātakitaki i te pihinga i roto i ngā rā. Ko te pikinga o te turanga ko te tikanga kāore e tukuna te keke, he matapō, he turuturu, he ōwehenga rānei he kaha rawa.
Me whakamahere ngā whakawhiti putea kia arotahi ki ngā taunakitanga, kaua ki ngā awhiowhio: ngā kino e kitea ana, te ΔP teitei tonu, ngā take tukunga, te ngaronga mārama rānei o te urupare horoi.
Raparongoā Nga take noa
Te hekenga pēhanga teitei : tirohia mēnā he mea matapo, he puehu mākū, he waikawa kua whakakōkīhia, he pāorooro rānei kāore e mura. E hono pūmau ana te EPA i te kohikohinga puehu ki te pikinga o te hekenga pēhanga me te hiahia kia horoia i ia wā, nō reira, mēnā kei te piki haere te ΔP, ā, "te āhua pai" ngā pāorooro, me kī kāore i te pai.
Te turuturu o te hau : ka pakaru te tohatoha o te hau e ngā turuturu ana, ā, ka panaia te puehu ki te wāhi kāore e tika ana kia haere. Mēnā he āhua "pai" tetahi wāhanga o ngā putea, ā, he āhua mangere ētahi atu, he kore taurite te rere o te hau, ehara i te raruraru papanga ngaro.
Te horoinga kore taurite : te korenga o te venturi i te tūnga tika, ngā takirere diaphragm kino, ngā paipa pupuhi kua purua, ngā whare herehere rānei kāore e mau te āhua. Ka pā te hoahoa venturi me ngā āhuatanga o te pā o te ngaru pēhanga horoi ki raro i te putea—he take tēnei ka tino pukumahi ngā tuhinga rangahau i konei.
Te Tātari Atamai me te Aroturuki Raraunga-Aroturuki
Kāore koe e hiahia ki tētahi papaaho pūtaiao-pūrākau. Me whai tohu torutoru hei hopu wawe i te korenga:
- Ia au ΔP + āhua wā pāorooro
- Te pumau o te pēhanga o te pane hau kōpeke
- Te tatau o te pupuhi o te takirere (hei kite i te rarangi kāore e pupuhi ana)
Ko te tiaki matapae ka hinga i te tiaki toa. I ngā wā katoa.
Whakamutunga: Te Anamata o te Tātari Ahumahi me te Hangarau Pulse Jet
Kei te rongonui tonu ngā whare putea pulse jet nā te mea ka whakatauhia te raruraru tūturu: te hopu matūriki tino whai hua me te horoi e kore e aukati i te pūnaha katoa kia mutu.
Engari ka mahi noa te taputapu ina tika ngā wāhanga e mau ana—he mea e tuku ana i te keke kaua e kohia, me ngā kēke e tautoko ana i te putea kaua e ngaungau. Mena kei te rapu koe i te ratonga pāmahana teitei, i te ratonga kino rānei, ko te raina putea tātari pāmahana teitei a Grey Whale he tīmatanga whai hua, ehara i te parade kupu rongonui.
FAQ
He aha te rerekētanga o te whare putea pupuhi i ētahi atu momo kohikohi puehu?
Ka whakamahia e te horoinga hau pēhi poto te hau kōpeke hei horoi i ngā rarangi kua tohua, ko ētahi atu ka tātari tonu—i te nuinga o te wā, me te kore e aukati i te rere o te hau. He maha ngā wā ka aukatihia te rere (ka wehea rānei ngā wāhanga) e ngā hoahoa wiri me te hau whakamuri hei horoi.
He aha ngā wāhanga matua o tētahi pūnaha tātari putea pulse jet?
Ngā pēke tātari (pāpāho), ngā whare herehere (tautoko), ngā takirere pāorooro/solenoid + te pane hau kōpeke (pūngao horoi), he rau ngongo (whakapiri pēke), me te pūnaha hopper/tukunga (tango puehu). He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā hoahoa pūwero pāorooro ngā ventures mō te whakaurunga.
Kia pēhea te auau o te horoi, te whakakapi rānei i ngā putea tātari pulse jet?
Ko te auau o te horoinga ka whakawhirinaki ki te taumaha puehu me ngā whāinga mahi; he maha ngā pūnaha e whakahaere ana i ngā taima me/ranei te mana whakahaere ΔP. Ko te whakakapinga ka ahu mai i te kino, te mahi tukunga, te ΔP teitei roa rānei kāore e ora i muri i te horoinga.
He aha ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te whai huatanga o te whare putea pulse jet?
Ko te keke puehu te tino take o te hopunga o ngā matūriki angiangi, ā, ka piki ake te hekenga o te pehanga i te mea ka nui haere te puehu, ka heke iho hoki i te wā e horoi ana. Ka taea e te ōwehenga hau-ki-te-kakahu, ngā tautuhinga pātītī, te kōwhiringa o ngā pāpāho, me ngā take hauhautanga/pāmahana te whakararu i te mahi.
He pēhea te pānga o ngā rauemi putea tātari ki te mahi a ngā pūnaha pupuhi hau?
Ko ngā rauemi e whakatakoto ana i ngā rohe: te kaha ki te pāmahana, te ātete matū, te uruhanga, me te āhua o te tukunga o te puehu i raro i te pao. Mō te mahi pāmahana teitei, kei reira ngā kōwhiringa pēnei i te whatu ngira PTFE (kua whakarārangihia ki te ≤260°C, inamata 300°C) te whatu ngira muka karāhe rānei (≤240°C, inamata 300°C) nā te mea ka rahua ngā pāpāho paerewa.
