Kusankha thumba loyenera la fumbi kumadalira mawonekedwe a mpweya wotuluka m'madzi, mawonekedwe a fumbi, ndi njira zoyeretsera.
Momwe Mungasankhire Chikwama Choyenera Chosefera Fumbi 2Matumba osonkhanitsira fumbi la mafakitale nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi ulusi wopangidwa. Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu kwa makhalidwe a thupi ndi mankhwala a zinthu zosiyanasiyana, palibe thumba limodzi losefera lomwe lingakwaniritse nthawi imodzi zinthu zonse zachilengedwe, monga kutentha, chinyezi, kukana kwa alkali, ndi kukana dzimbiri. Chifukwa chake, posankha thumba losefera fumbi, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa bwino makhalidwe a mpweya wotuluka (kuphatikiza makhalidwe a thupi ndi mankhwala) a mafakitale anu kenako ndikusankha thumba losefera loyenera kwambiri kutengera makhalidwe a zinthu (monga, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana chinyezi, kukana dzimbiri, ndi zina zotero).
-
<01> Kusankha Matumba Osefera Kutengera Makhalidwe a Mpweya Wotuluka
Kutentha kwa Gasi wa Flue
Kutentha kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri posankha thumba losefera. Matumba osefera nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magulu awa:
• Matumba otentha pang'ono (<130°C)
• Matumba otentha pang'ono (130-180°C)
• Matumba otentha kwambiri (>200°C).
Chinyezi cha Gasi cha Flue
Chinyezi chimasonyeza kuchuluka kwa nthunzi ya madzi mu mpweya, nthawi zambiri imawonetsedwa ngati peresenti ya kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotuluka. Chinyezi chikapitirira 8%, chimaonedwa ngati mpweya wotuluka wonyowa. Pa mpweya wotentha kwambiri, wotuluka chinyezi kwambiri, komanso wotentha kwambiri, zipangizo zomwe zili ndi hydrolysis yochepa (monga fiberglass) ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala.
Mpweya Wotulutsa Madzi
Mpweya wotuluka m'mafakitale (monga wochokera ku zomera kapena zitofu za mankhwala) ukhoza kukhala ndi ma acid, alkali, ma oxidants, ndi zinthu zina za mankhwala. Ulusi wosiyanasiyana umawonetsa kukana kwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana, komwe kumakhudzidwanso ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi.
-
<02> Kusankha Matumba Osefera Kutengera Katundu wa Fumbi
Kugawa Mawonekedwe a Fumbi ndi Kukula kwa Tinthu
Fumbi likhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: lokhazikika (losalala, lotsika) ndi losakhazikika (losakhazikika, lokwera).
• Tinthu tating'onoting'ono (0.1-10 μm) timavuta kugwira ndikupanga fumbi lolimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyeretsa kukhale kovuta.
• Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala tolimba timagwira mosavuta ndikupanga fumbi lotayirira, zomwe zimathandiza kuyeretsa.
Kumatira ndi Kugwirizana kwa Fumbi
Fumbi limadzimamatira lokha kapena pamalo ena. Kugwirizana nthawi zambiri kumayesedwa ndi ngodya ya mpumulo:
• <30°: Kugwirana kochepa, kuyenda bwino.
• >45°: Kugwirana kwambiri, kuyenda bwino.
Pa fumbi lomatira kwambiri, matumba osavuta kuyeretsa ndi omwe amakondedwa.
Kusawoneka bwino kwa fumbi komanso kukongola kwake
Fumbi lina (monga CaO, CaCl₂, KCl) limayamwa chinyezi ndipo limasinthidwa ndi mankhwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matumba osefera azitsekeka, zomwe zimatha kutsekereza matumba osefera. Pa fumbi lotere, matumba osefera oletsa madzi komanso osavuta kuyeretsa ayenera kusankhidwa.
Kusakhazikika kwa Fumbi
Fumbi losakhazikika limatha kuwononga matumba osefera. Kusweka kwa fumbi kumadalira momwe fumbi limagwirira ntchito, liwiro la mpweya, komanso kuchuluka kwake. Pa fumbi losweka kwambiri, matumba osefera omwe satha kusweka ayenera kusankhidwa, ndipo mpweya uyenera kuyendetsedwa kuti uchepetse kuwonongeka.
Kuyaka ndi Kuphulika kwa Fumbi
Fumbi lina (monga aluminiyamu, malasha) limatha kuyaka kapena kuphulika pansi pa mikhalidwe inayake. Pa fumbi lotere:
• Matumba osefera oletsa moto komanso oletsa kuzizira (monga aramid, P84, PTFE, fiberglass) ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Ulusi woyendetsa (monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena ulusi wosinthidwa ndi kaboni) ukhoza kuletsa kusonkhana kwa static.
-
<03> Kusankha Matumba Osefera Kutengera Njira Yoyeretsera
Njira zotsukira fumbi zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri:
1. Kuyeretsa kwa Pulse-jet (mphamvu yoyeretsa yamphamvu) → Matumba okhuthala a felt obowoledwa ndi singano ndi omwe amakonda.
2. Kuyeretsa mpweya wobwerera m'mbuyo (kuyeretsa pang'ono) → Matumba opyapyala opangidwa ndi fyuluta ndi oyenera.
-
Mwa kuganizira zinthu izi, mutha kusankha thumba losefera labwino kwambiri la makina anu osonkhanitsira fumbi la mafakitale, kuonetsetsa kuti likugwira ntchito bwino, kulimba, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama moyenera.
